I came across a free 150-page ebook called How to Make a Noise which is a practical guide to synth programming. It explains how to create basses, leads, stabs, pads and other commonly used sounds. It also includes other useful info on synthesis.
You can get it here:
www.noisesculpture.com
The author is going to release two more, similarly free, ebooks that deal with other aspects of synth programming later this year.
Here's also a 2-part guide to programming basses:
http://www.darksonus.com/articles/analog_bass.html
http://www.darksonus.com/articles/analog_bass2.html